This chapter interprets the Transfiguration of Jesus, where He appeared in glory with Moses and Elijah before Peter, James, and John, as a vision of "the kingdom of God come with power." Moses and Elijah are seen as representing different groups of believers and the Law and Prophets, all bearing witness to Christ. The Father's voice confirms Jesus as His beloved Son, highlighting His unique authority and the necessity of dependence on Him through prayer and fasting for spiritual victory.
It seems a great pity, as intimated in our closing remarks in the previous chapter, that its final verse was not made the opening one of this seventeenth chapter. In the corresponding accounts in both Mark and Luke, our Lord’s announcement is linked directly with the transfiguration scene. It is, in fact, the key to a right understanding of this glorious vision that was intended to be a representation of “the kingdom of God come with power.” This is confirmed for us by the apostle Peter, who, in his second epistle, says,
We have not followed cunningly devised fables, when we made known unto you the power and coming of our Lord Jesus Christ, but were eyewitnesses of His majesty … when we were with him in the holy mount (2 Peter 1:16; 2 Peter 1:182 Peter 1:18).
There the Savior appeared in that glory in which He will be manifested when He returns to take His great power and reign (Revelation 11:17). The two heavenly saints who appeared with Him in glory depict two groups of believers who will share the kingdom with Him. Moses represents those who, having died, will be raised in glorified bodies, and Elijah depicts all believers who at the Rapture will be caught up to heaven without passing through death (1 Thessalonians 4:13-18). The three favored apostles who beheld His glory and heard the Father’s voice speak of Israel restored to the Lord in the latter day and so entering into the blessing of the kingdoms. The scene at the foot of the mountain illustrates the effect of the second advent, binding Satan and giving to the troubled nations deliverance from his power.
Besides this dispensational picture, we have also a very blessed moral and spiritual application. Occupation with the glorified Christ is the preliminary to service for Him in a world where Satan’s antagonism is manifested to all that God is doing. This is overcome only by dependence upon Him as indicated by prayer and fasting. No man is competent to meet Satan in his own strength. Prayer is the expression of dependence upon God, which alone gives victory. Fasting is the evidence of such concern for spiritual blessing that desire for that which satisfies carnal appetite is held in abeyance.
And after six days Jesus taketh Peter, James, and John his brother, and bringeth them up into an high mountain apart, and was transfigured before them: and his face did shine as the sun, and His raiment was white as the light. And behold, there appeared unto them Moses and Elias talking with him. Then answered Peter, and said unto Jesus, Lord, it is good for us to be here: if thou wilt, let us make here three tabernacles; one for thee, and one for Moses, and one for Elias. While he yet spake, behold, a bright cloud overshadowed them: and behold a voice out of the cloud, which said, This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased; hear ye him. And when the disciples heard it, they fell on their face, and were sore afraid. And Jesus came and touched them, and said, Arise, and be not afraid. And when they had lifted up their eyes, they saw no man, save Jesus only. (vv. 1-8)
“After six days.”
The Lord Jesus Christ had intimated a week before that some would not taste death until they beheld the kingdom of God come with power. Now He took Peter and James and John up into a high mountain (Mount Hermon) where He was to give them a vision of the kingdom as it shall yet be displayed.
“Transfigured before them.”
It was a metamorphosis, a change from within; the glory of Christ’s eternal sonship shone out through the veil of His flesh so that the disciples might have ocular proof of His true character as Immanuel-God and Man in one person.
“There appeared unto them Moses and Elias talking with him.”
These two men of a past dispensation represented, as mentioned above, two groups of believers: one, those who die before the coming in of the kingdom; the other, those who will be changed and caught up, without passing through death, at the Lord’s return for His own, preparatory to the bringing in of the millennial glory (John 11:25-26). They also speak of the Law and the Prophets, both of which bear witness to Christ’s atoning death, whereby God is able to provide a righteousness for men who have none of their own (Romans 3:21; Romans 3:24-25Romans 3:24-25). We learn the subject of their discourse in Luke 9:30-31. They were occupied with our Lord’s redemptive work, soon to be accomplished.
“Let us make here three tabernacles.”
Peter’s suggestion came without real consideration. He was so overwhelmed with the glory of the vision that he would fain remain on the mount in such wonderful company. But he erred in putting Moses and Elias, eminent servants of God though they were, on a par with Jesus, the Son of God become flesh.
“This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased; hear ye him.”
A cloud shut out the Old Testament worthies, and Jesus was left alone. The Father’s voice spoke from heaven the second time, attesting the perfection of His Son and His delight in Him, whose voice they were bidden to heed.
“The disciples… fell on their face, and were sore afraid.”
Awed by what they had seen and heard, the three fell prostrate as worshipers in the presence of God as seen in the Lord Jesus Christ.
“Jesus … said, Arise, and be not afraid.”
Reaching forth His loving hand, our Lord touched each disciple reassuringly, and bade them stand up, fearing nothing. He would have His own feel at ease in His presence, for, though He is Lord of all, He is our Kinsman-Redeemer, who assumed our humanity, apart from sin, in order to bring us to God.
“They saw no man, save Jesus only.”
There could be no thought of three tabernacles now, for Moses, the law-giver, and Elijah, the restorer, had vanished away, and the Lord Jesus alone remained, He who is the same yesterday, today, and forever (Hebrews 13:8).
Jesus is not a mere man who, by dint of spiritual enlightenment and surrender to the Father’s will, became more divine than any other man. He is God the Son, one person of the Eternal Trinity, manifested in the flesh and thus the one Mediator between God and man. Peter’s confession and the Father’s voice after the Transfiguration tell the same blessed story. Jesus had to be who He was in order to do what He did. None less than the Son of God could make propitiation for our sins (1 John 4:10).
The vision passed, but Jesus remained. When the morning came, He led His disciples down from that mount of special privilege to face the appalling effects of sin in the valley below, for the time had not yet come for the kingdom to be displayed in universal power and glory.
And as they came down from the mountain, Jesus charged them, saying, Tell the vision to no man, until the Son of man be risen again from the dead. And his disciples asked him, saying, Why then say the scribes that Elias must first come? And Jesus answered and said unto them, Elias truly shall first come, and restore all things. But I say unto you, That Elias is come already, and they knew him not, but have done unto him whatsoever they listed. Likewise shall also the Son of man suffer of them. Then the disciples understood that he spake unto them of John the Baptist, (vv. 9-13)
“Tell the vision to no man.”
Foreseeing His rejection Jesus commanded the chosen three to say nothing to anyone of what they had seen on that never-to-be-forgotten time, until after He should rise from the dead. The Cross must come before the kingdom.
The perplexed disciples asked their Master,
“Why then say the scribes that Elias must first come?”
For this these teachers of the law had good authority, for in Malachi 4:5-6 it was plainly declared,
Behold, I will send you Elijah the prophet before the coming of the great and dreadful day of the LORD: and he shall turn the heart of the fathers to the children, and the heart of the children to their fathers, lest I come and smite the earth with a curse.
The kingdom follows the great and dreadful day of the Lord. It is in fact a continuation of that day, after its preliminary judgments shall have ended. What then of Elijah? Was he to be looked for first?
Jesus replied,
“Elias truly shall first come, and restore all things.”
But He explained that he had come already, and his testimony had been rejected and he, himself, put out of the way. They
“have done unto him whatsoever they listed.”
And even as they had treated the forerunner, so would they treat the Son of Man.
“Then,” we are told, “the disciples understood that he spake unto them of John the Baptist.”
He had come in the spirit and power of Elijah to prepare Messiah’s way (Luke 1:17).
It seems clear from the prophetic Scripture passages that a similar Elijah testimony will be given in the dark days of the Great Tribulation before the manifestation of the Lord in judgment. The vision of the two witnesses in Revelation 11:0 would appear to confirm this.
As they talked together they came upon a great multitude of troubled people, as depicted in the next few verses.
And when they were come to the multitude, there came to him a certain man, kneeling down to him, and saying, Lord, have mercy on my son: for he is lunatic, and sore vexed: for ofttimes he falleth into the fire, and oft into the water. And I brought him to thy disciples, and they could not cure him. Then Jesus answered and said, O faithless and perverse generation, how long shall I be with you? how long shall I suffer you? bring him hither to me. And Jesus rebuked the devil; and he departed out of him: and the child was cured from that very hour. Then came the disciples to Jesus apart, and said, Why could not we cast him out? And Jesus said unto them, Because of your unbelief: for verily I say unto you, if ye have faith as a grain of mustard seed, ye shall say unto this mountain, Remove hence to yonder place; and it shall remove; and nothing shall be impossible unto you. Howbeit this kind goeth not out but by prayer and fasting, (vv. 14-21)
Having descended to the plain after the night of vision, they found a distracted father who had brought his demon-possessed son to the other nine disciples, pleading with them to help. But they were out of touch and, although commissioned to cast out demons (10:8), found themselves powerless in this particular case. Disappointed in the servants, the distressed father recognized the Master as He came toward them and began at once to implore Him to free his son from the demon. Kneeling, he besought the Lord to have mercy upon him and heal his boy, explaining that he had brought him to the disciples, and they could not cure him. One can understand how poignant was the father’s grief and how distressed he was when the disciples could not help. But in expectancy of heart he turns to the Lord Jesus, pleading, as many other fathers since have pleaded, for the deliverance of sons who have come under the power of the evil one in various ways.
“Bring him unto me.”
After rebuking the nine for their lack of faith, Jesus called for the boy to be brought to Him. His heart was moved by the father’s plea. Turning then to the demon-possessed youth Jesus rebuked the foul spirit who departed from the boy, and he was cured from that hour.
On the mount, the disciples had been taken into God’s confidence and given a foreview of the kingdom to be ushered in with power and majesty at our Lord’s second advent. In the plain, they beheld anew something of the ravages of sin and Satan, under which this poor world suffers and groans still, and from which it will be freed completely only when Christ returns. But all down through the present age of evil the Lord Jesus is the One who hears the prayer of faith and gives deliverance to those who put their trust in His Word. No case is too difficult for Him. His disciples are often powerless because of unbelief and failure to recognize their own inability to work apart from Him who commissions them to represent Him in this scene.
When alone with the Lord, away from the multitude, the perplexed disciples inquired why they had been unable to expel the demon in this case. The answer was,
“Because of your unbelief.”
Again the Lord declared that if they had faith even as a grain of mustard seed, mountains of difficulty could be removed and absolutely nothing would be impossible to them. But true faith and self-indulgence are never found together; therefore, He added,
“Howbeit this kind goeth not out but by prayer and fasting.”
The flesh and its appetites must be kept in subjection in order that faith may flourish. Moreover, there must be a real sense of dependence on God of which prayer is the continual expression. May we not see in these words of the Lord the reason for many of our unanswered prayers?
Again Jesus forewarned the disciples of what He was soon to experience, but although their hearts were grieved they did not grasp the full significance of His words.
And while they abode in Galilee, Jesus said unto them, The Son of man shall be betrayed into the hands of men: and they shall kill him, and the third day he shall be raised again. And they were exceeding sorry, (vv. 22-23)
The Galilean ministry of the unrecognized King was soon to come to a close. He foresaw all that would befall Him at the hands of man, but He looked beyond with prophetic eye to His resurrection when God was to bring Him back from the dead. So often had He spoken of this and so plainly that it seems incredible that the disciples should have failed to comprehend His words. Yet so it was. Not until all had been fulfilled did they recall and understand that of which He had spoken so definitely.
The incident with which the chapter closes reveals another aspect of Peter’s impulsiveness and yet of the Lord’s wondrous grace.
And when they were come to Capernaum, they that received tribute money came to Peter, and said, Doth not your Master pay tribute? He saith, Yes. And when he was come into the house, Jesus prevented him, saying, What thinkest thou, Simon? Of whom do the kings of the earth take custom or tribute? of their own children, or of strangers? Peter saith unto him, Of strangers. Jesus saith unto him, Then are the children free. Notwithstanding, lest we should offend them, go thou to the sea, and cast an hook, and take up the fish that first cometh up; and when thou hast opened his mouth, thou shall find a piece of money: that take, and give unto them for me and thee. (vv. 24-27)
The tribute money referred to here was the half shekel of silver which, in Exodus 30:0, was commanded to be paid as the redemption money at any numbering of the people. In the course of time, it had come to be considered and levied as a poll-tax for the support of the temple services. The collectors of this tax came to Peter and inquired as to whether Jesus paid it. Without consulting his Master, Peter answered in the affirmative. When he entered the house in Capernaum a little later (probably his own home), Jesus anticipated him and put the question,
“What thinketh thou, Simon? of whom do the kings of the earth take custom or tribute? of their own children, or of strangers?”
Peter answered unhesitatingly that it was of strangers.
Now only a little time before Peter had confessed Jesus to be the Christ, the Son of the living God. Therefore, He was under no obligation to pay this particular tax; so He declared,
“Then are the children free.”
But in His concern for others, that none might be stumbled who did not understand who He really was, He bade Peter go to the Sea of Galilee and cast a hook and take up the fish that should be caught, and He added,
“When thou hast opened his mouth thou shalt find a piece of money: that take and give unto them for me and thee.”
It is not necessary to suppose that the coin was miraculously created at the moment, but rather that it had fallen into the water, and the fish, attracted by the glittering object, had attempted to swallow it, but the shekel had stuck in its gullet. So when Peter drew it to land, the money was there as Jesus had said and could be used to silence all criticism. Was Jesus at this time so poor that He had no other money wherewith to pay this tax? Possibly so, or perhaps He chose this method to impress upon Peter the fact that He was Lord of all creation.